Unit 1 Routing Concepts
Introduction
Router Initial Configuration
Router Functions
- Characteristics of a Network
- Why Routing?
- Routers Are Computers
- Routers Interconnect Networks
- Routers Choose Best Paths
- Packet-Forwarding Mechanisms
Connect Devices
- Connect to a Network
- Default Gateways
- Document Network Addressing
- Enable IP on a Host
- Device LEDs
- Console Access
- Enable IP on a Switch
Router Basic Settings
- Configure Basic Router Settings
- Configure an IPv4 Router Interface
- Configure an IPv6 Router Interface
- Configure an IPv4 Loopback Interface
Verify Connectivity of Directly Connected Networks
- Verify Interface Settings
- Verify IPv6 Interface Settings
- Filter Show Command Output
- Command History Feature
Routing Decisions
- Switching Packets Between Networks
- Router Switching Function
- Send a Packet
- Forward to the Next Hop
- Packet Routing
- Reach the Destination
Path Determination
- Routing Decisions
- Best Path
- Load Balancing
- Administrative Distance
Router Operation
- Analyze the Routing Table
- The Routing Table
- Routing Table Sources
- Remote Network Routing Entries
Directly Connected Routes
- Directly Connected Interfaces
- Directly Connected Routing Table Entries
- Directly Connected Examples
- Directly Connected IPv6 Example
Statically Learned Routes
- Static Routes
- Static Route Examples
- Static IPv6 Route Examples
Dynamic Routing Protocols
- Dynamic Routing
- IPv4 Routing Protocols
- IPv4 Dynamic Routing Examples
- IPv6 Routing Protocols
- IPv6 Dynamic Routing Examples
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 2 Static Routing
Introduction
Implement Static Routes
Static Routing
- Reach Remote Networks
- Why Use Static Routing?
- When to Use Static Routes
Types of Static Routes
- Static Route Applications
- Standard Static Route
- Default Static Route
- Summary Static Route
- Floating Static Route
Configure Static and Default Routes
Configure IPv4 Static Routes
- The ip route Command
- Next-Hop Options
- Configure a Next-Hop Static Route
- Configure a Directly Connected Static Route
- Configure a Fully Specified Static Route
- Verify a Static Route
Configure IPv4 Default Routes
- Default Static Route
- Configure a Default Static Route
- Verify a Default Static Route
Configure IPv6 Static Routes
- he ipv6 route Command
- ext-Hop Options
- Configure a Next-Hop Static IPv6 Route
- Configure a Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route
- Configure a Fully Specified Static IPv6 Route
- Verify IPv6 Static Routes
Configure IPv6 Default Routes
- Default Static IPv6 Route
- Configure a Default Static IPv6 Route
- Verify a Default Static Route
Configure Floating Static Routes
- Floating Static Routes
- Configure an IPv4 Floating Static Route
- Test the IPv4 Floating Static Route
- Configure an IPv6 Floating Static Route
Configure Static Host Routes
- Automatically Installed Host Routes
- Configure IPv4 and IPv6 Static Host Routes
Troubleshoot Static and Default Route
- Packet Processing with Static Routes
- Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration
- Troubleshoot a Missing Route
- Solve a Connectivity Problem
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 3 Dynamic Routing
Introduction
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview
- Dynamic Routing Protocol Evolution
- Dynamic Routing Protocol Components
Dynamic Versus Static Routing
- Static Routing Use
- Static Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
- Dynamic Routing Protocols Uses
- Dynamic Routing Advantages and Disadvantages
RIPv2
Configuring the RIP Protocol
- Router RIP Configuration Mode
- Advertise Networks
- Verify RIP Routing
- Enable and Verify RIPv2
- Disable Auto Summarization
- Configure Passive Interfaces
- Propagate a Default Route
The Routing Table
Parts of an IPv4 Route Entry
- Routing Table Entries
- Directly Connected Entries
- Remote Network Entries
Dynamically Learned IPv4 Routes
- Routing Table Terms
- Ultimate Route
- Level 1 Route
- Level 1 Parent Route
- Level 2 Child Route
The IPv4 Route Lookup Process
- Route Lookup Process
- Best Route = Longest Match
Analyze an IPv6 Routing Table
- IPv6 Routing Table Entries
- Directly Connected Entries
- Remote IPv6 Network Entries
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 4 Switched Networks
Introduction
LAN Design
Converged Networks
- Growing Complexity of Networks
- Elements of a Converged Network
- Cisco Borderless Networks
- Hierarchy in the Borderless Switched Network
- Access, Distribution, and Core Layers
Switched Networks
- Role of Switched Networks
- Form Factors
The Switched Environment
Frame Forwarding
- Switching as a General Concept in Networking and Telecommunications
- Dynamically Populating a Switch MAC Address Table
- Switch Forwarding Methods
- Store-and-Forward Switching
- Cut-Through Switching
Switching Domains
- Collision Domains
- Broadcast Domains
- Alleviating Network Congestion
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 5 Switch Configuration
Introduction
Basic Switch Configuration
Configure a Switch with Initial Settings
- Switch Boot Sequence
- Recovering from a System Crash
- Switch LED Indicators
- Preparing for Basic Switch Management
- Configuring Basic Switch Management Access with IPv4
Configure Switch Ports
- Duplex Communication
- Configure Switch Ports at the Physical Layer
- Auto-MDIX
- Verifying Switch Port Configuration
- Network Access Layer Issues
- Troubleshooting Network Access Layer Issues
Switch Security
Secure Remote Access
- SSH Operation
- Configuring SSH
- Verifying SSH
Switch Port Security
- Secure Unused Ports
- Port Security: Operation
- Port Security: Violation Modes
- Port Security: Configuring
- Port Security: Verifying
- Ports in Error-Disabled State
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 6 VLANs 245
Introduction
VLAN Segmentation
Overview of VLANs
- VLAN Definitions
- Benefits of VLANs
- Types of VLANs
- Voice VLANs
VLANs in a Multiswitched Environment
- VLAN Trunks
- Controlling Broadcast Domains with VLANs
- Tagging Ethernet Frames for VLAN Identification
- Native VLANs and 802.1Q Tagging
- Voice VLAN Tagging
VLAN Implementations
- VLAN Assignment
- VLAN Ranges on Catalyst Switches
- Creating a VLAN
- Assigning Ports to VLANs
- Changing VLAN Port Membership
- Deleting VLANs
- Verifying VLAN Information
VLAN Trunks
- Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Trunk Links
- Resetting the Trunk to Default State
- Verifying Trunk Configuration
Troubleshoot VLANs and Trunks
- IP Addressing Issues with VLAN
- Missing VLANs
- Introduction to Troubleshooting Trunks
- Common Problems with Trunks
- Incorrect Port Mode
- Incorrect VLAN List
Inter-VLAN Routing Using Routers
- Inter-VLAN Routing Operation
- What Is Inter-VLAN Routing?
- Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
- Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
- Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Preparation
- Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Switch Configuration
- Configure Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing: Router Interface Configuration
Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
- Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Preparation
- Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Switch Configuration
- Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Router Subinterface Configuration
- Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Verifying Subinterfaces
- Configure Router-on-a-Stick: Verifying Routing
Summary
Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 7 Access Control Lists
Introduction
ACL Operation
- Purpose of ACLs
- What Is an ACL?
- Packet Filtering
- ACL Operation
Wildcard Masks in ACLs
- Introducing ACL Wildcard Masking
- Wildcard Mask Examples
- Calculating the Wildcard
- Wildcard Mask Keywords
- Wildcard Mask Keyword Examples
Guidelines for ACL Creation
- General Guidelines for Creating ACLs
- ACL Best Practices
Guidelines for ACL Placement
- Where to Place ACLs
- Standard ACL Placement
Standard IPv4 ACLs
- Configure Standard IPv4 ACLs
- Numbered Standard IPv4 ACL Syntax
- Applying Standard IPv4 ACLs to Interfaces
- Named Standard IPv4 ACL Syntax
Modify IPv4 ACLs
- Method 1: Use a Text Editor
- Method 2: Use Sequence Numbers
- Editing Standard Named ACLs
- Verifying ACLs
- ACL Statistics
Securing VTY Ports with a Standard IPv4 ACL
- The access-class Command
- Verifying the VTY Port Is Secured
Troubleshoot ACLs
- Processing Packets with ACLsThe Implicit Deny Any
- The Order of ACEs in an ACL
- Cisco IOS Reorders Standard ACLs
- Routing Processes and ACLs
Common IPv4 Standard ACL Errors
- Troubleshooting Standard IPv4 ACLs–Example 1
- Troubleshooting Standard IPv4 ACLs–Example 2
- Troubleshooting Standard IPv4 ACLs–Example 3
Summary
- Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 8 DHCP
Introduction
DHCPv4
DHCPv4 Operation
- Introducing DHCPv4
- DHCPv4 Operation
- DHCPv4 Message Format
- DHCPv4 Discover and Offer Messages
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
- Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
- Verifying DHCPv4
- DHCPv4 Relay
Configure DHCPv4 Client
- Configuring a Router as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configuring a Wireless Router as a DHCPv4 Client
Troubleshoot DHCPv4
- Troubleshooting Tasks
- Verify Router DHCPv4 Configuration
- Debugging DHCPv4
DHCPv6
SLAAC and DHCPv6
- Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
- SLAAC Operation
- SLAAC and DHCPv6
- SLAAC Option
- Stateless DHCPv6 Option
- Stateful DHCPv6 Option
- DHCPv6 Operations
Stateless DHCPv6
- Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Server
- Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Client
- Verifying Stateless DHCPv6
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
- Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server
- Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Client
- Verifying Stateful DHCPv6
- Configuring a Router as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent
Troubleshoot DHCPv6
- Troubleshooting Tasks
- Verify Router DHCPv6 Configuration
- Debugging DHCPv6
Summary
- Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 9 NAT for IPv4
Introduction
NAT Operation
NAT Characteristics
- IPv4 Private Address Space
- What Is NAT?
- NAT Terminology
- How NAT Works
Types of NAT
- Static NAT
- Dynamic NAT
- Port Address Translation (PAT)
- Next Available Port
- Comparing NAT and PAT
NAT Advantages
- Advantages of NAT
- Disadvantages of NAT
Configure NAT
- Configuring Static NAT
- Configure Static NAT
- Analyzing Static NAT
- Verifying Static NAT
- Configure Dynamic NAT
- Dynamic NAT Operation
- Configuring Dynamic NAT
- Analyzing Dynamic NAT
- Verifying Dynamic NAT
Configure PAT
- Configuring PAT: Address Pool
- Configuring PAT: Single Address
- Analyzing PAT
- Verifying PAT
Configure Port Forwarding
- Port Forwarding
- Wireless Router Example
- Configuring Port Forwarding with IOS
NAT and IPv6
- NAT for IPv6?
- IPv6 Unique Local Addresses
- NAT for IPv6
Troubleshoot NAT
- NAT Troubleshooting Commands
- The show ip nat Commands
- The debug ip nat Command
- NAT Troubleshooting Scenario
Summary
- Practice
- Class Activities
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions
Unit 10 Application Layer
Unit 10 Device Discovery, Management, and Maintenance
Introduction
Device Discovery
Device Discovery with CDP
- CDP Overview
- Configure and Verify CDP
- Discover Devices Using CDP
Device Discovery with LLDP
- LLDP Overview
- Configure and Verify LLDP
- Discover Devices Using LLDP
Device Management
- NTP
- Setting the System Clock
- NTP Operation
- Configure and Verify NTP
Syslog Operation
- Introduction to Syslog
- Syslog Operation
- Syslog Message Format
- Service Timestamp
Syslog Configuration
- Syslog Server
- Default Logging
- Router and Switch Commands for Syslog Clients
- Verifying Syslog
Device Maintenance
Router and Switch File Maintenance
- Router File Systems
- Switch File Systems
- Backing Up and Restoring Using Text Files
- Backing Up and Restoring TFTP
- Using USB Ports on a Cisco Router
- Backing Up and Restoring Using a USB
- Password Recovery
OS System Files
- IOS 15 System Image Packaging
- IOS Image Filenames
IOS Image Management
- TFTP Servers as a Backup Location
- Steps to Back Up IOS Image to TFTP Server
- Steps to Copy an IOS Image to a Device
- The boot system Command
Software Licensing
- Licensing Overview
- Licensing Process
- Step 1. Purchase the Software Package or Feature to Install
- Step 2. Obtain a License
- Step 3. Install the License
License Verification and Management
- License Verification
- Activate an Evaluation Right-to-Use License
- Back Up the License
- Uninstall the License
Summary
- Practice
- Labs
- Packet Tracer Activities
- Check Your Understanding Questions